Improving the viewing angle properties of microcavity OLEDs by using dispersive gratings

The changes of emission peak wavelength and angular intensity with viewing angles have been issues for the use of microcavity OLEDs. We will investigate Distributed Bragg Gratings (DBRs) constructed from largely dispersive index materials for reducing the viewing angle dependence. A DBR stack mirror, aiming at a symmetric structure and less number of grating period for a practical fabrication, is studied to achieve a chirp-featured grating for OLEDs with blue emission peak of 450nm. For maximizing the compensation of the viewing angle dependence, the effects of dispersive index, grating structure, thickness of each layer of the grating, grating period and chirp will be comprehensively investigated. The contributions of TE and TM modes to the angular emission power will be analyzed for the grating optimization, which have not been expressed in detail. In studying the light emission of OLEDs, we will investigate the Purcell effect which is important but has not been properly considered. Our results show that with a proper design of the DBR, not only a wider viewing angle can be achieved but also the color purity of OLEDs can be improved. © 2007 Optical Society of America.published_or_final_versio

The role of individual values and westernisation on the Guanxi orientation of Hong Kong managers

Guanxi, or social connections, has received increasing attention in the literature as the Western world grapples with the complexity of doing business with China. But is guanxi a good or a bad thing? Networking and connections are seen as a business necessity, but on the other hand guanxi is often associated with corruption and calculative means of doing business. This study examines different dimensions of guanxi and their relationship to traditional vs modern value orientations. The study finds guanxi comprises two dimensions, one representing traditional Chinese values of reciprocity and face and the other a more modern networking style not dissimilar to that emphasised in the West. Relationships between dimensions of guanxi orientation and individual values and Westernisation are reported

In-vitro combination of arsenic trioxide and chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer

published_or_final_versionThe 15th Medical Research Conference, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 16 January 2010. In Hong Kong Medical Journal, 2010, v. 16, suppl. 1, p. 66, abstract no. 11

Impact of a brief holistic workshop on students’ psychosocial well-beings and work empowerment

Congress Theme: Ying and Yang of Mental Health in Asia - Balancing PrioritiesCategory B – Anxiety and Related Disorders: no. B04OBJECTIVES: Research on holistic education has been focused on philosophical treaties or case studies, yet quantitative research evaluating the effects of holistic education is lacking. This study examined the impact of a brief holistic workshop on students’ biopsychosocial well-being and ...postprin

Guanxi and the ethical judgements and moral reasoning of Hong Kong managers

The importance of personal connections and relationships, or guanxi , when doing business with the Chinese is widely acknowledged amongst Western academics and business managers alike. However, aspects of guanxi related behaviours in the workplace are often misunderstood by Westerners with some going so far as to equate guanxi with forms of corruption. This study investigates the underlying modes of moral reasoning in ethical decisions relating to aspects of guanxi, amongst Hong Kong managers. Managers ethical judgements and underlying moral reasoning relating to a series of guanxi related behaviours, were recorded. Content analysis yielded categories that correspond with categories of moral reasoning described in Kohlberg s (1969) model. As hypothesised, it was found that harsher ethical evaluations of guanxi-related behaviours were positively correlated with the stage of moral reasoning. The most common types of reasoning were those corresponding to Kohlberg s stages four and five which relate to moral reasoning based on law and order, and on reason rather than emotion. Stage six, concerned with universal moral principles, was utilized considerably less than other stages. This finding supports the literature on ethical ideology across countries and cultures whereby Eastern cultures are generally found to be more relativistic or less universal than their Western counterparts

Cognitive effects of calligraphy therapy for older people: a randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: This pilot study investigated the effects of calligraphy therapy on cognitive function in older Hong Kong Chinese people with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out in a sample of 31 adults aged 65 years or older with mild cognitive impairment. They were randomly assigned to receive either intensive calligraphy training led by a trained research assistant for eight weeks (calligraphy group, n = 14) or no calligraphy treatment (control group, n = 17). Participants' cognitive function was assessed by the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) before and after calligraphy treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A significant interaction effect of time and intervention was detected [F (1, 29) = 9.11, P = 0.005, eta(2) = 0.24]. The calligraphy group was found to have a prominent increase in CMMSE global score, and scores in the cognitive areas of orientation, attention, and calculation after two months (DeltaM = 2.36, P < 0.01), whereas their counterparts in the control group experienced a decline in CMMSE score (DeltaM = -0.41, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Calligraphy therapy was effective for enhancing cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment and should be incorporated as part of routine programs in both community and residential care settings. © 2011 Kwok et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.published_or_final_versio

Short segment median-median comparison in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

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The effect of increased microporosity on bone formation within silicate-substituted scaffolds in an ovine posterolateral spinal fusion model

This study compared the bone forming capacity of the same formulation of silicate-substituted bone graft substitute materials with different microporosity in an instrumented posterolateral spinal fusion ovine model. Materials with a strut porosity of (i) 22.5% (SiCaP) or (ii) 36.0% (SiCaP(+)) were packed along either side of the spine. Bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, % bone-implant contact, and % graft resorption were quantified at 8, 12, and 24 weeks post surgery. Computed Tomography (CT) was used to grade the formation of fusion bridges between vertebrae. Results showed no significant difference in bone apposition rates, % new bone formation, and % bone-implant contact when the two materials were compared. However, at 8 weeks, a significantly higher CT score was obtained in the SiCaP(+) group (0.83±0.17) when compared with the SiCaP group (0.17±0.17; p=0.027). Significantly less scaffold remained in the SiCaP(+) group at 12 weeks (p=0.018). Both SiCaP and SiCaP(+) formulations augmented bone formation. Increasing the strut porosity did not significantly increase bone formation however, at 8 weeks it promoted the formation of more highly mineralized bone resulting in a significantly higher CT score, suggesting the bone tissue formed was more mature

Clinical and laboratory features of local patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)

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